If Docility Is Important to You…
Producers typically place some emphasis on bull behavior as part of their selection criteria for breeding stock. Surveys of commercial cow-calf producers rank disposition in the same magnitude of importance as a trait such as calving ease in selecting bulls for use in their programs. During the past few years, Angus breeders have been submitting yearling cattle temperament scores on a 1-6 scale. The scoring system is given in Fig. 1
Fig. 1: Six-point scoring system for yearling cattle, age 320-440 days |
|
Code |
Description |
1 |
Docile
|
2 |
Restless
|
3 |
Nervous
|
4 |
Flighty
|
5 |
Aggressive |
6 |
Very Aggressive |
Source: Beef Improvement Federation (BIF) Guidelines. | |
Heritability estimates for temperament in beef and dairy cattle tend to be moderate to high, indicating that selection for improved temperament would be effective. Heritability estimates can range from 0 to 1. As a comparison with other traits, reproductive traits tend to be lowly heritable and carcass traits are more highly heritable.
University of Missouri scientist Bob Weaber analyzed the yearling cattle temperament scores to estimate temperament heritability, which ranged from 0.36 to 0.45. Estimates of maternal heritability were near 0. The variance components generated from this research were used in a genetic evaluation for the trait, representing a heritability equal to 0.37.
An edited performance file of yearling temperament scores was used with a four-generation pedigree to calculate an expected progeny difference (EPD) for docility. Four categories were used, for scores 1, 2, 3 and the combined category of scores 4, 5 and 6.
The contemporary group was defined in a similar format to the Association's national cattle evaluation (NCE) for yearling weight. Groups without any variation in temperament scores were removed from the analysis. In the latest evaluation, there were 8,396 contemporary groups represented in 92,901 temperament scores. The animal model evaluation included contemporary group, age of dam classes 2-year through 10-year, linear effects of calf age deviated from 365, and categorical temperament scores.
The evaluation produced 267,487 EPDs calculated for parents, nonparents with individual records, and pedigree ties.
Using docility EPDs
The docility EPD is presented as a percentage, where a higher value is considered more favorable in terms of docile temperament.
Docility EPDs can be used as part of a complete selection program in the event that a breeder needs to make improvement in a herd's cattle temperament. In the following example, a 10 percentage point difference exists between the EPDs for Bull A and Bull B. On the average, assuming the two bulls were mated to comparable females, one would expect 10 more calves out of 100 sired by Bull A to have a temperament in the most docile score (score = 1) compared with calves sired by Bull B. In herds where temperament problems are not an issue, this expected difference would not be realized.
Example | |
Bull A Doc EPD
|
+13%
|
Bull B Doc EPD
|
+3% |
Difference
|
10%
|
Since this is a threshold trait, herds that exhibit no problems in temperament will realize no improvement in selecting for favorable docility EPDs.
Table 1: Descriptive statistics for docility genetic evaluation |
||||
Mean | SD | Minimum | Maximum | |
Mean EPD, % | 8 |
8 |
-34 |
43 |
Mean Accuracy | .29 |
.10 |
.05 |
.95 |
Table 1 illustrates a sizable spread between the most and least docile current sire EPDs. The docility EPDs tended to be positively correlated with yearling weight EPD, but not with other performance and carcass EPDs. The genetic trend for this EPD is essentially flat when reviewing the average EPD by birth year for animals in the evaluation.
Although the docility EPDs have been available as a research genetic evaluation on www.angus.org since the Spring 2008 NCE, these EPDs are now available on a weekly basis through the website and AAA Login (www.angusonline.org).
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